Halpern et al., 2008:

"The management and conservation of the world’s oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize seventeen global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for twenty marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41 per cent) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research."

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Citation and/or URL

Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, K.V., Micheli, F., D’Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P.,  Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R. and Watson, R., 2008, A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, Science 319: 948-952.

Further information

Source

Multiple

Spatial Coverage

 Global

Temporal Coverage

 Not applicable

Update Frequency

Once-off

Other Information

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