Hayes et al., 2005: 

"The invasion potential of a species is expressed as the weighted sum of ship movements, and ballast discharge, from ‘infected’ bioregions to ‘uninfected’ bioregions. Lloyds Maritime
Intelligence Unit records 22,286 ship visits to Australian ports in 2002. More than half of these vessels (59%) recorded their last port of call as an Australian port or terminal. We define these vessels as domestic ship arrivals. The remaining vessels recorded an international last port of call. We define these vessels as international ship arrivals. The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) recorded a further 603 international yacht visits to Australia in 2002, originating from 29 IUCN bioregions. We also define these vessels as international ship arrivals."

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Domestic threats

"The potential domestic target species are prioritised by their location in the invasion potential/impact potential space. In the absence of active eradication programs, we argue that the hazard ranking should be based on invasion potential from infected to uninfected bioregions. With this approach all the potential domestic target species cluster in the bottom left quadrant of the hazard space. It is important to note, however, that this is not an absolute measure of risk but rather a relative measure of hazard. Priority species must therefore be identified relative to each other – i.e. from their relative location in hazard space. A visual examination of the hazard space suggests the following three groups:

1. High priority: Gymnodinium catenatum and Alexandrium minutum – both of these species have reasonably high invasion potential and their impact potential is the highest of all the potential domestic target species;

2. Medium priority: Asterias amurensis, Sabella spallanzanii, Crassostrea gigas, Ciona intestinalis, Bugula neritina, Schizoporella errata, Codium fragile tomentosoides, Polysiphonia brodiaei, Hydroides ezoensis, Watersipora arcuata, Undaria pinnatifida, Styela clava, Musculista senhousia and Carcinus maenas – these species have a reasonably high impact and/or invasion potential. To this list we have also added: Bugula flabellata, Watersipora subtorquata, Tricellaria occidentalis, Megabalanus rosa, Hydroides sanctaecrucis, Megabalanus tintinnabulum and Balanus reticulatus – these species have a reasonably high impact and their (low) invasion potential is likely to have been underestimated in this analysis.

3. Low priority; Varicorbula gibba, Halisarca dujardini, Zoobotryon verticillatum, Polydora websteri, Cladophora prolifera, Teredo navalis, Schottera nicaeensis, Schizoporella unicornis, Theora lubrica, Polydora cornuta,Cryptosula pallasiana, Boccardia proboscidea, Bougainvillia muscus, Sphaeroma walkeri, Scrupocellaria bertholetti, Tridentiger trigonocephalus, Ectopleura crocea, Apocorophium acutum, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Antithamnionella spirographidis, Euchone limnicola, Barentsia benedeni, Cordylophora caspia, Monocorophium acherusicum, Chiton glaucus, Gymnogongrus crenulatus, Notomegabalanus algicola, Euchine limnicola and Hydroides diramphis - these species have a low impact potential and a low invasion potential relative to the other domestic non-native species identified here." 

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International threats

"This report also identifies 37 of the 1088 species that are known, or thought, to be absent from Australian waters, that satisfy the definition of an international potential target species. Again these species are ranked as high, medium and low priority, based on invasion potential and impact potential. In this context, however, the invasion potential of a species is expressed as the weighted sum of commercial ship movements, recreational vessel movements (international yachts) and ballast discharge from all ‘infected’ bioregions around the world to any Australian location. The impact potential is calculated in the same manner described above."

"Again the potential international target species are prioritised by their location in the invasion potential/impact potential space. The results of this analysis suggests the following hazard groups:

1. High priority: Perna viridis resides in the top right quadrant of the hazard analysis space, therefore re-affirming the results of the first year of the project, when P. viridis
was identified as the only high priority species.

2. Medium priority: Mytilopsis sallei, Limnoperna fortunei, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Charybdis japonica, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, Balanus eburneus, Tridentiger bifasciatus, Eriocheir sinensis, Neogobius melanostomus and Potamocorbula amurensis.

3. Low priority: Acartia tonsa, Alexandrium monilatum, Ampelisca abdita, Balanus improvisus, Beroe ovata, Blackfordia virginica, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Callinectes sapidus, Chaetoceros concavicornis, Chaetoceros convolutus, Crepidula fornicata, Dinophysis norvegica, Ensis directus, Grateloupia doryphora, Hydroides dianthus, Liza ramada, Mnemiopsis leidyi, Mya arenaria, Perna perna, Petricolaria pholadiformis, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata, Rapana thomasiana, Siganus rivulatus, Siphonaria pectinata, Tortanus dextrilobatus and Womersleyella setacea." 

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Citation and/or URL

Hayes, K., Sliwa, C., Migus, S., McEnnulty, F. and Dunstan, P., 2005, National priority pests: Part II Ranking of Australian marine pests, Department of the Environment and Heritage 106 pp.

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Spatial Coverage

National

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Temporal Coverage

Not applicable

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Update Frequency

Not applicable

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Other Information

None